Viperidae
Russell's Viper
Daboia russelii (Shaw & Nodder, 1797)
Daboia russelii, the Russell's viper, is a South Asian viper whose venom is used in a common diagnostic blood test.
Palestine Viper
Daboia palaestinae (Werner, 1938)
Daboia palaestinae is a venomous oviparous viper found across parts of the Eastern Mediterranean.
Moorish Viper
Daboia mauritanica Gray, 1849
Daboia mauritanica is a viper species reaching 180 cm that occurs in northwestern African coastal areas.
Siamese Russell's Viper
Daboia siamensis (Smith, 1917)
Daboia siamensis is a viper species with distinct patterning, found across parts of East, Southeast, and South Asia, with an unresolved Indonesian range.
Desert Horned Viper
Cerastes cerastes Linnaeus, 1758
Cerastes cerastes is a horned desert viper species found across arid regions of North Africa and the Middle East.
Arabian Horned Viper
Cerastes gasperettii Leviton & Anderson, 1967
Cerastes gasperettii is a small viper found across parts of the Middle East that prefers desert and shrubland habitats.
Sahara Sand Viper
Cerastes vipera (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cerastes vipera is a small stout viper from North Africa and Sinai with a unique mixed hunting strategy and distinctive threat display.
Rhombic Night Adder
Causus rhombeatus (Lichtenstein, 1823)
Causus rhombeatus is the largest Causus viper found across Sub-Saharan Africa, eating amphibians after hatching.
Snouted Night Adder
Causus defilippii (Jan, 1863)
Causus defilippii, the snouted night adder, is a small viper found across southern and eastern Africa.
Spotted Night Adder
Causus maculatus (Hallowell, 1842)
Causus maculatus is a small stout viper found across West, Central, and East Africa in varied habitats.
Puff Adder
Bitis arietans Merrem, 1820
Bitis arietans is a widespread stout African viper with variable patterning, olfactory crypsis, and holds the record for the largest snake litter.
Gaboon Viper
Bitis gabonica Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854
Bitis gabonica, the Gaboon viper, is a large heavy African venomous viper with the longest fangs of any venomous snake.
Rhinoceros Viper
Bitis nasicornis (Shaw & Nodder, 1792)
Bitis nasicornis is a stout viper species native to West and Central African forests, with distinctive nasal horn-like scales and live birth.
Peringuey's Adder
Bitis peringueyi (Boulenger, 1888)
Bitis peringueyi is a small venomous viper with a documented physical description found in arid dune habitats of southwestern and northern Africa.
Red Adder
Bitis rubida Branch, 1997
Bitis rubida is a small viper species with several isolated populations found in Western Cape Province, South Africa.
Berg Adder
Bitis atropos (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bitis atropos is a small viper found in isolated southern African mountain populations, that is viviparous and prefers cool wet habitats.
Horned Adder
Bitis caudalis (Smith, 1839)
Bitis caudalis, the horned adder, is a small stout viper native to arid regions of southwest Africa.
Many-horned Adder
Bitis cornuta (Daudin, 1803)
Bitis cornuta, the many-horned adder, is a small stout viper with horn-like scales above eyes, found in southwestern African rocky habitats.
Western Gaboon Viper
Bitis rhinoceros (Schlegel, 1855)
Bitis rhinoceros is a West African viper identifiable by its horn-like enlarged nasal scales, differing from related species in pattern and markings.
African Bush Viper
Atheris squamigera Hallowell, 1854
Atheris squamigera is a widely distributed viviparous viper found in rainforests of West and central Africa.
Meadow Viper
Vipera ursinii (Bonaparte, 1835)
Vipera ursinii, Europe's smallest viper, has defined physical traits and a restricted, declining range in Europe.
Seoane's Viper
Vipera seoanei Lataste, 1879
Vipera seoanei is a polymorphic viper species native to southwestern France and northern Iberia.
Lataste's Viper
Vipera latastei Bosca, 1878
Vipera latastei is a horn-nosed viper found in southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa.
Asp Viper
Vipera aspis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Vipera aspis (Linnaeus, 1758), is a venomous viper species native to parts of Western and Southern Europe.
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