Poisonous & Toxic Species
Never touch, taste, or consume any species you cannot positively identify. This guide is for educational purposes only. When in doubt, consult a local expert. Use the iNature app for quick AI-powered identification in the field.
seep monkeyflower
Erythranthe guttata (DC.) G.L.Nesom
Erythranthe guttata is a variable wildflower native to western North America with edible spotted yellow flowers.
Baluy
Erythrina edulis Triana ex Micheli
Erythrina edulis is an Andean nitrogen-fixing legume tree used for food, fodder, and fencing.
Eastern Coral Bean
Erythrina herbacea L.
Erythrina herbacea, or coral bean, is a toxic flowering shrub or small tree grown as a garden plant with traditional uses.
Indian coral tree
Erythrina variegata L.
Erythrina variegata (Indian coral tree) is a thorny deciduous tree with many recorded ornamental, culinary, medicinal and practical uses.
yellow bird-of-paradise shrub
Erythrostemon gilliesii (Hook.) Klotzsch
Erythrostemon gilliesii is an ornamental evergreen shrub that is toxic and has recorded medicinal and other uses.
winged euonymus
Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold
Euonymus alatus is a deciduous winged shrub native to Asia, widely cultivated ornamentally in North America, with all parts toxic if eaten.
wahoo
Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq.
Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. is a deciduous North American shrub with poisonous fruit and historically medicinal bark.
Spindle
Euonymus europaeus L.
Euonymus europaeus, European spindle, is a deciduous shrub/small tree with ornamental and historical uses, toxic fruit.
hemp agrimony
Eupatorium cannabinum L.
Eupatorium cannabinum L. is a perennial herb that has toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids and is used as a styptic in Sikkim folk medicine.
dogfennel
Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small
Eupatorium capillifolium (dog fennel) is a toxic North American Asteraceae perennial with described morphology and uses.
common boneset
Eupatorium perfoliatum L.
Eupatorium perfoliatum, commonly called boneset, is a North American wetland plant with a history of traditional medicinal use.
Whitemargin Sandmat
Euphorbia albomarginata Torr. & A.Gray
Euphorbia albomarginata is a low-growing weedy spurge with distinctive white-ringed burgundy-centered tiny flowers, with historic folk medicinal uses.
wood spurge
Euphorbia amygdaloides L.
Euphorbia amygdaloides (wood spurge) is an evergreen perennial flowering plant native to Europe, Turkey and the Caucasus, often grown as groundcover.
balsam spurge
Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton
Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton is a variable semisucculent spurge native to northwest Africa and the Canaries, with medicinal and traditional culinary uses.
Canary Island Spurge
Euphorbia canariensis L.
Euphorbia canariensis, the Canary Island spurge, is a poisonous cactus-like succulent shrub native to the Canary Islands.
Mediterranean spurge
Euphorbia characias L.
Euphorbia characias L. is a hardy drought- and salt-tolerant ornamental spurge with traditional medicinal uses.
flowering spurge
Euphorbia corollata L.
Euphorbia corollata, flowering spurge, is a North American herbaceous perennial with milky irritant sap.
cypress spurge
Euphorbia cyparissias L.
Euphorbia cyparissias L. is an invasive herb that is toxic to some livestock, used ornamentally with required control.
tree spurge
Euphorbia dendroides L.
Euphorbia dendroides L. is a Mediterranean bush used in traditional medicine for its toxic sap, grown as an ornamental.
leafy spurge
Euphorbia esula L.
Euphorbia esula L., commonly leafy spurge, is a toxic herbaceous perennial with deep, spreading roots and multiple recognized infraspecific taxa.
painted spurge
Euphorbia heterophylla L.
Euphorbia heterophylla is a widespread weedy spurge that produces toxic milky latex and has evolved herbicide resistance.
Common Tree Euphorbia
Euphorbia ingens E.Mey. ex Boiss.
Euphorbia ingens, the poisonous candelabra tree, is a southern African succulent with multiple uses.
caper spurge
Euphorbia lathyris L.
Euphorbia lathyris L. is a poisonous, often invasive plant used in folk medicine for various conditions.
Spotted spurge
Euphorbia maculata L.
Euphorbia maculata (spotted spurge) is a low-growing herb, toxic but also used for medicinal purposes in Asia.
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