Etheostoma variatum Kirtland, 1840

Common Name and Size

Etheostoma variatum, commonly called the variegate darter, is large for its family, with an average length between 2.5 and 3.5 inches (6 to 9 cm).

Overall Markings

It displays a wide range of distinct markings.

Dorsal Fin Coloration

Its dorsal fin has a red-orange band, followed by a blue-green band, and a red-brown band along the fin’s edge.

Other Fin Markings

Red spots are also present on all of its other fins.

Pectoral Fin Function

This darter has large pectoral fins that it uses to stay upright in the fast-moving water of its habitat.

Back Saddle Markings

It has four to six dark, saddle-shaped markings along its back; three to four of these saddles are typically dark and clearly visible, while the rest are not.

Habitat Type

Etheostoma variatum inhabits small and medium-sized rivers and streams, most often in riffles made up of small rocks.

Microhabitat Preference

It tends to occupy the fastest-flowing riffle sections of these waterways.

Water Quality Indicator Role

It requires rivers and streams with high water quality to survive, so it is often considered an indicator of good water quality.

Geographic Range

Its range is centered primarily in the U.S. states of Ohio, New York, Pennsylvania, Indiana, West Virginia, and Kentucky; it has also been found rarely in Virginia.

Spawning Period

Reproduction takes place in early spring, from April to May.

Male Spawning Behavior

During this time, males establish dedicated spawning territories.

Egg Laying Behavior

After spawning, females lay their eggs in riffles and bury the eggs under pebbles.

Parental Care

Once the eggs are buried, the parents abandon them.