Calcarius ornatus (J.K.Townsend, 1837)

Scientific Name & Universal Physical Traits

This species, which has the scientific name Calcarius ornatus (J.K. Townsend, 1837), has consistent physical traits across individuals: all members have a short conical bill, a streaked back, and a white tail with a dark tip.

Breeding Male Plumage

Breeding-plumage males can be distinguished by their black underparts, chestnut nape, yellow throat, and black crown.

Non-Breeding & Other Plumages

All other plumages and individuals have light brown underparts, a dark crown, brown wings, and may have some chestnut coloring on the nape.

Standard Measurements

The species has the following standard measurements: a length of 5.1–6.5 inches (13–16.5 cm), a weight of 0.6–0.8 ounces (17–23 grams), and a wingspan of 25–27 cm.

Breeding Range

For distribution and conservation status, this bird breeds in short and mixed grass prairies in central Canada and the north central United States.

Winter Range

In winter, it migrates in flocks to prairies and open fields in the southern United States and Mexico.

Population Status

Like other prairie bird species, it has disappeared from some areas due to habitat loss, but it remains fairly common overall.

Habitat Management Effect

Controlled burns may benefit this species, because it feeds on low-growing plants that are easier to spot after a fire.