Terrapene ornata (Agassiz, 1857)

Shell Shape

Terrapene ornata, the ornate box turtle, has a less domed, slightly flattened shell compared to other box turtle species.

Base Coloration

Its base coloration is typically black or dark brown, marked with yellow striping.

Subspecies Striping Difference

The subspecies Terrapene ornata luteola usually has more yellow striping than the nominate subspecies Terrapene ornata ornata.

Defensive Behavior

The two subspecies also differ in their defensive behavior against predators: T. o. ornata generally acts bolder, often stretching its legs and head out to appear larger, while T. o. luteola is more likely to close itself tightly into its shell, using its hinged plastron for protection.

Burrowing Habit

Despite both subspecies living in dry, arid environments, they dig deep burrows to escape heat and access areas with higher humidity.

Terrapene ornata ornata Range

T. o. ornata occurs in the central United States, ranging from western Indiana to eastern Texas, extending into Louisiana, and can also be found in northeastern New Mexico.

Terrapene ornata luteola Range

T. o. luteola inhabits the driest areas of any box turtle species, and is found in western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and adjacent areas of northern Mexico.