Oenothera gaura W.L.Wagner & Hoch

Nomenclature and Common Name

Oenothera gaura W.L.Wagner & Hoch, commonly called biennial beeblossom, is a tall, weedy plant species.

Flower and Mature Leaf Coloration

Individuals have white to light pink flowers when blooming, and mature leaves turn red.

Structural Adaptation for Seed Dispersal

The plant has a flexible structure that sways in the wind, which aids in seed dispersal.

Species Identification Feature

Several hairy stems emerge from the top of the plant where flowers grow, and this feature is the easiest way to identify the species.

Floral Morphology and Pollination

Flowers typically have 4 petals, 8 stamens, and 1 pistil, and are mostly pollinated by bees and other insects.

Biennial Life Cycle and Size

This is a biennial species: it starts as a small plant in its first growing season, and reaches 0.9–1.8 m (3–6 feet) tall during its second growing season, completing its full life cycle over two growing seasons, reaching full maturity by the end of the second season.

Fruit Characteristics

The fruits are ribbed or ridged capsules, and are occasionally woody.

Seed Traits and Dispersal

It produces small seeds that are easily dispersed by wind and other methods.

Native Range in North America

This species naturally occurs throughout eastern and central North America, ranging as far north as Quebec, Canada.

United States Distribution

In the United States, it can be found in Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Massachusetts, North Carolina, South Carolina, New York, Texas, and Virginia.

General Habitat Types

It grows primarily in prairies across North America, as well as in dry, rocky areas and deserts.

Habitat Preferences and Adaptability

It prefers sunny, dry locations, and can adapt to a wide range of habitats thanks to its ability to grow deep roots.

Winter Survival Requirements

To survive wet winters, it requires a dry spot with light soil.