Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus (Bloch, 1790)

Common Name and Body Shape

Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus, commonly called the whitespotted grouper, is a moderately deep-bodied fish that reaches a maximum length of around 76 cm (30 in).

Jaw Dentition

This species has three to five rows of teeth in its lower jaw.

Dorsal and Anal Fin Structure

Its dorsal fin has eleven spines and approximately sixteen soft rays, while its anal fin has three spines and eight soft rays.

Pelvic and Caudal Fin Structure

The pelvic fins are short, and the caudal fin is rounded.

Opercular Cover Morphology

The top edge of the opercular cover is only slightly convex, and its posterior edge curves at an acute angle.

Base Coloration

The head, body, and dorsal fin are dark brownish-grey, marked with large white blotched spots.

Adult Color Pattern Variation

In large adults longer than about 30 cm (12 in), these white patches tend to merge into wavy bands or mottled patterning.

General Distribution Range

The whitespotted grouper occurs in shallow waters across the Indo-Pacific region.

Detailed Distribution Extent

Its distribution range extends from the coast of East Africa and the Persian Gulf eastward to Japan, China, Indonesia, Australia, Fiji, and Tonga.

Habitat Classification

This is a demersal, shallow-water, reef-associated fish.

Specific Habitat Preferences

It is most commonly found in rocky areas, near coral growth in deep lagoons, on outer reef slopes, or in reef channels, often located close to or inside caves.

Social Behavior

It is not a schooling species and is typically found alone.

Diet Composition

It feeds on small fish and crustaceans, with crustaceans forming the largest portion of its diet.

Reproduction Knowledge Status

Very little is currently known about this species' reproduction and life history.