Arisarum vulgare O.Targ.Tozz.

Taxonomic Identity and Growth Form

Arisarum vulgare O.Targ.Tozz. is a geophyte that averages 10–30 centimetres (3.9–11.8 in) in height.

Leaf Structure

All its leaves are basal, wide, and shaped from ovate to arrow-shaped, with 12–15 centimetre (4.7–5.9 in) long petioles.

Stem Characteristics

Its stems are erect, unbranched, usually mottled, and grow directly from an underground rhizome.

Spathe Morphology

A single leaflike bract called the spathe forms a purplish-brown or olive green striped tube about 5 inches long, with an open upper portion shaped like a forward-curved helmet or hood.

Spadix Structure

The spathe encloses a fleshy, greenish, club-like spike called the spadix, which is bent forward, protrudes from the tube, and bears tiny purple violet flowers at its base.

Flower Arrangement

The 20 male flowers grow above the four to six female flowers, and sterile flowers are completely absent.

Flowering Period

Flowering occurs from October through May.

Sexual System

Both sexes occur on the same individual plant.

Pollination

This species is pollinated by insects, a process known as entomophily.

Fruit Characteristics

Its fruits are greenish berries, around 1 centimetre (0.39 in) long.

Distribution Range

Arisarum vulgare is native to the Mediterranean Basin, ranging from the Caucasus in the east to the southeastern Iberian Peninsula in the west, where it introgresses with Arisarum simorrhinum.

Habitat and Altitude

It prefers grassy fields, rocky scrubland, forests, and wasteland, growing mainly in cool, shady spots with moist soils, at altitudes of 0–800 metres (0–2,625 ft) above sea level.