About Neoxolmis rufiventris (Vieillot, 1823)
The chocolate-vented tyrant (Neoxolmis rufiventris) measures 20 to 23 cm (7.9 to 9.1 in) in length and weighs approximately 77 g (2.7 oz). Males and females have identical plumage. Adult individuals have a mostly ashy gray face, with blackish coloring in front of the eye and on the ear coverts. Their upperparts are brownish gray. Their wing coverts are mostly white, with pale sandy brown edges on the greater coverts. Their primaries are black, their secondaries have rufous bases and wide white tips, and their tertials are white with pale sandy brown edges. The combination of white and rufous coloring on the wings is very prominent when the bird is in flight. Their notched tail is mostly black, with white outer webs on the outermost feathers. Their throat and upper breast are gray, while the rest of their underparts are cinnamon. They have a dark iris, a black bill, and black legs and feet. Juveniles have a rufous tinge on the ear coverts, and their gray underparts have wide darker gray streaks. This species is distributed from Córdoba Province in north central Argentina, east across southern Uruguay, and south through Argentina into Argentinian and Chilean Patagonia as well as Tierra del Fuego. The SACC has records of the species as a vagrant in far southern Brazil. The SACC also holds unconfirmed records from Paraguay, so it classifies the species as hypothetical in that country. The chocolate-vented tyrant inhabits open and semi-open grasslands, brushy steppe, agricultural fields, and pastures. Most of its range lies at elevations up to about 500 m (1,600 ft), though it reaches up to 1,500 m (4,900 ft) in some local areas.
