Galeopsis bifida Boenn.

Common Name and Height

Galeopsis bifida Boenn., commonly called hempnettle, can grow up to 1 meter tall.

All leaves and flowers of this species are hairy.

Leaf Characteristics

Its simple leaves measure 1 to 5 inches long, are arranged oppositely along the stem, have serrate margins, an ovate shape, and are pubescent on both surfaces.

The stem is swollen just below each leaf node.

Flower Appearance and Arrangement

Flowers may be purple, white, or pink, and grow in terminal axillary clusters.

Native Range

This species is native to Europe and Asia.

Distribution in the British Isles

In the British Isles, it is found mainly in Wales and Scotland.

Distribution in North America

It occurs across all of Canada, as well as in the northeastern and midwestern regions of the United States, and has been introduced to Alaska.

Introduced Range Outside North America

It has also been introduced to parts of New Zealand and the Canary Islands.

Typical Habitat

Hempnettle most often grows in disturbed sites, roadsides, gardens, agricultural lands, and wet heaths, and sometimes occurs in woods.

Ecological Impact

It forms a dense mid-forb layer that outcompetes and dominates typical grass and low forb species.

Growing Requirements

It can grow with limited nutrients, requires moist soil, and generally tolerates both moderately acidic and moderately basic soils.