About Camissoniopsis bistorta (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
Camissoniopsis bistorta is a herbaceous plant that grows as an annual or short-lived perennial. Young plants average approximately 2 to 3 cm (0.79 to 1.18 in) in size, and mature individuals reach a wide range of overall sizes. The entire plant is covered in either strigose or spreading hairs. It occasionally grows with a single simple stem, but more often produces several stems. These slender stems are prostrate, decumbent, or relatively ascending, reaching 50 to 80 cm (20 to 31 in) in length, and the older epidermis of stems peels away. Leaves are alternately arranged and measure 1.2 to 12 cm (0.47 to 4.72 in) long. Some leaves have a constriction that forms a spatulate, less hairy tip. Basal leaves grow from a rosette on petioles up to 4 cm (1.6 in) long, and are narrowly elliptic in shape. Cauline leaves are usually subsessile or sessile, generally lanceolate in shape, with margins that range from minutely toothed to roughly entire. The inflorescence is a nodding spike when in bud, and covered in short, erect hairs. Flowers of this species are self-incompatible, and open at dawn. The hypanthium is 2 to 6 mm (0.079 to 0.236 in) long. Flowers have 4 sepals that are 5 to 8 mm (0.20 to 0.31 in) long, and 4 petals that start yellow and fade to red. The petals measure 7 to 15 mm (0.28 to 0.59 in) long, with 1 to 2 red spots near their base. There are 8 stamens, with anthers attached at their middle. At anthesis, the stigma extends past and sits well above the anthers. Fruits are 12 to 40 mm (0.47 to 1.57 in) long and 1.5 to 2.5 mm (0.059 to 0.098 in) wide. They are roughly quadrangular, and generally straight, slightly wavy, or twisted. Seeds measure 0.9 to 1 mm (0.035 to 0.039 in) across. This species is native to California, United States and Baja California, Mexico. In California, it occurs in the southwestern part of the state, ranging from Kern and Ventura counties south to San Diego County, and inland to the Peninsular Ranges and Transverse Ranges. In Baja California, it ranges from the international border inland to Tecate, and south to the Colonet area. Hybrids between this species and Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia occur on Pacific beaches between Tijuana and Ensenada. Camissoniopsis bistorta is commonly found growing in sandy fields near the coast, but also grows in clay soils in grasslands and in openings within coastal sage scrub and chaparral. In some locations in San Diego County, it grows alongside young individuals of two rare deceptively similar plants: Chorizanthe orcuttiana and Mucronea californica.
