About Arremon flavirostris Swainson, 1838
Arremon flavirostris Swainson, 1838, commonly called the saffron-billed sparrow, gets its name from its striking orange bill. Adult males have a mostly black head, with a white supercilium that runs from above the eye to the back of the head. Their neck is gray, while their back, wings, and tail are green. Their underside is white with grayish edges, and a narrow black band crosses the upper chest. Adult females are similar in pattern to males, but are duller overall; their underparts are buffy with brown flanks. Juveniles resemble adults but are also duller. This species measures 15 to 16.5 cm (5.9 to 6.5 in) in length. The mean weights of 27 specimens from three populations range from 23.6 to 28.1 g (0.83 to 0.99 oz). The nominate subspecies of saffron-billed sparrow occurs in central and eastern Brazil. The "gray-backed" subspecies is found further south, in central and southern Brazil, eastern Bolivia, most of Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina. The saffron-billed sparrow primarily lives in tropical deciduous forest, including both primary and second-growth stands. It is often found near forest edges, interior forest openings, and along waterways. Its elevational range extends from sea level to 1,400 m (4,600 ft).
